Environmental reconstruction and wood use at Late Chalcolithic Çaml?bel Tarlas?, Turkey

Çaml?bel Tarlas? is a short-lived, mid 4th millennium BCE Chalcolithic archaeological site in northern central Anatolia, modern Turkey, with evidence for both intensive metallurgy and permanent occupation. Analysis of wood charcoal assemblage from the site, totaling 2815 fragments, first this period region. Anthracological analysis indicates that primary fuel used was deciduous oak, which comprised nearly 90% identifiable fragments. We find little differences species different functions or over time; however, significant trend towards increased use large-diameter branch trunk time noted oak other minor taxa. reconstruct dense oak-dominated woodland vicinity at use, forest clearance time, due to either diminished availability agricultural expansion, combination two. An intensification metallurgical activity later periods occupation may have demand specifically wood.